SAMPLE SYLLABUS

Strategies for K - 12 LD

ED N501 3 HOURS

BELINDA D. LAZARUS, Ph.D.

VIRTUAL OFFICE HOURS: M - F 9am-10am and 7:00pm-8:00pm at

Belinda Lazarus

DESCRIPTION

Content includes strategies for teaching students with learning disabilities in special and regular education classes. Course addresses diagnostic-prescriptive teaching, direct instruction, and specific strategies and materials addressing each academic area. The Individualized Education Program (IEP), development of goals and objectives, linking assessment with instruction, inclusion, and generality of behavior change will also be included.

PREREQUISITES

Graduate standing or permission of the instructor; C501

TEXT

     Mercer, C., & Mercer, A. (1998).Teaching students with learning problems (5th Ed.).Merrill Publishing Co. Columbus, OH.

TOPICS

  1. Learning Environments
  2. Planning and Organizing Instruction
  3.  IEP Process
  4. Assessment for Teaching
  5. Teaching Students and Managing Instruction
  6. Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Development
  7. Teaching Language
  8. Teaching Reading
  9. Teaching Spelling, Handwriting, and Written Expression
  10. Teaching Math
  11. Teaching Learning Strategies, Content, and Study Skills

OUTCOMES

Students will:

1. develop a functional IEP' s with goals, behavioral objectives, materials, and strategies that are linked to assessment and are appropriate to the skill needs and entry level characteristics of individual students;

2. monitor student progress as they accomplish goals and objectives on the IEP;

3. describe basic teaching strategies, specialized instructional techniques, and assessment techniques designed for use with persons with learning disabilities and other mild handicaps;

4. define the role and responsibilities of the learning disabilities teacher and his or her interactions with other professionals in the education of students with learning disabilities;

5. describe, distinguish among, and evaluate the strategies and materials used with students with learning disabilities from various cultures;

6. design and implement instructional units that include individualized, small group, and large group strategies for teaching academic skills to learning-disabled students from various cultural and economic backgrounds;

7. evaluate contemporary research on teaching effectiveness for students with learning disabilities in terms of educational usefulness;

8. describe appropriate school readiness, reading, language and math techniques for students with learning disabilities from various cultural backgrounds;

9. evaluate computer programs for elementary students in terms of usefulness with students with learning disabilities;

10. describe and develop strategies to promote active parent involvement in the IEP process and home-based interventions.

11. describe and develop collaborative strategies for use with students who are mainstreamed into the regular classroom;

12. evaluate, select, and use computerized IEP systems and a variety of adaptive technologies to promote skills gains for persons with LD and other handicapping conditions;

13. develop, implement, and evaluate lessons taught to students with learning disabilities within the regular classroom.

14. use trans-environmental programming to develop academic and study skill for students with LD that transfer more easily to regular classroom settings;

15. develop strategies that improve students with LD's self-management skills in academic areas during individualized and group instruction;

16. consider typical and atypical developmental factors in developing and implementing strategies to teach affective, social, language, sensorimotor, and other cognitive skills in regular and special education settings.; and

17. demonstrate understanding of curricular design and instructional strategies for students with and without handicaps;

18. collaborate with regular educators to develop curricular, testing, and instructional adaptations that promote success for learners with and without LD in the regular classroom;

19. ability to supervise and work with teacher aides, volunteers, and paraprofessionals; and

20. organize task, setting, and time variables to facilitate learning in special and regular classroom settings.

ASSIGNMENTS

READING ASSIGNMENTS

Reading assignments and web sites that correspond with each topic are required. Students must read the chapter in the textbook and visit the web sites before participating in the online discussion.

         DISCUSSIONS

Participation in online discussions is required for each topic in the course. You may read and post messages in the discussions at anytime of the day. The discussions enable students to interact with each other and to discuss the readings, web sites, and issues related to the topic. Student participation in the discussion is graded, so for specific instructions for each course discussion, read the syllabus and grading criteria for the course in which you are enrolled.

     TOPICAL ASSIGNMENTS

Guided notes, competencies, checkpoints, and/or other assignments are required for each topic. These assignments require students to respond on the basis of readings, web site visits, and information that has been discussed in the online discussions. For specific instruction read the syllabus and grading criteria for the course in which you are enrolled.

    FINAL EXAM OR PROJECT

A final exam or final project that requires students to apply knowledge to practical situations is required for each course. For specific instruction read the syllabus and grading criteria for the course in which you are enrolled.

 

ADDITIONAL SUGGESTED READINGS

Effective Teaching

Alderman, M.K. (1990). Motivation for at-risk students. Educational Leadership, 48(1), 27-30.

Anderson, L.W., & Pellicer, L.O. (1990). Synthesis of research on compensatory and remedial education. Educational Leadership, 48(1), 10-16.

Christenson, S.L., Ysseldyke, J.E., & Thurlow, M.L. (1989). Critical instructional factors for students with mild handicaps: An integrative review. Remedial and Special Education. 10(5). 21-31.

Clifford, M.M. (1990). Students need challenge, not easy success. Educational Leadership 48(1), 22-26.

Good, T.L., & Brophy, J.E. (1987). Looking in classrooms (4th ed.). New York: Harper & Row.

Greenwood, C.R. (1991). Longitudinal analysis of time, engagement, and achievement in at-risk versus non-risk students. Exceptional Children. 57, 521-534.

Keogh, B.K. (1988). Improving services for problem learners. Rethinking and restructuring. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21, 19-22.

Keogh, B.K. (1990). Narrowing the gap between policy and practice. Exceptional Children, 57, 186-190.

Locke, E.A., & Latham, G.P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Lovitt, T.C. (1977). In spite of my resistance: I've learned from children. Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Mueller, D.J., Chase, C.L., & Walden, J.D. (1988). Effects of reduced class size in primary classes. Educational Leadership, 45(5), 48-50.

Porter, A.C., & Brophy, J. (1988). Synthesis of research on good teaching: Insights from the work of the Institute for Research on Teaching. Educational Leadership, 45(8), 74-85.

Samuels, S.J. (1986). Why children fail to learn and what to do about it. Exceptional Children, 53, 7-16.

Showers, B. (1990). Aiming for superior classroom instruction for all children: A comprehensive staff development model. Remedial and Special Education, 11(3). 35-39.

Stokes, T.F., & Baer, D.M. (1977). An implicit technology of generalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 349-367.

Wilson, R., & Wesson, C. (1986). Making every minute count: Academic learning time in LD classrooms. Learning Disabilities Focus, 2(1). 13-19.

Direct Instruction

Adams, G.L., & Engelmann, S. (1996). Research on Direct Instruction:

25 years beyond DISTAR. Seattle, WA: Educational Achievement

Systems. (Discover what the field of education has covered up for 30

years.)

Becker, W.C., Engelmann, S., & Thomas, D.R. (1971). Teaching: Ain applied psychology. Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Binder, C. (1996). Behavioral fluency: Evolution of a new paradigm.The Behavior Analyst, 19, 163-197. 

Carnine, D.W., Silbert, J., & Kameenui, E.J. (1997). Direct instruction reading (Third edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. 

Catania, A.C. (1997). Learning. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Ellis, A., & Fouts, J.T. (1993). Research on educational innovations.Princeton Junction: NJ: Eye on Education. 

Engelmann, S. & Carnine, D. (1991). Theory of instruction. Eugene,OR: ADI Press. 

Engelmann, S. (1992). War against the schools' academic child abuse.

Fogel, A. (1992). Movement and communication in infancy: The social dynamics of development. Human Movement Science, 11(4), 387-423.

Henry, J. (1971). Pathways to madness. New York: Random House.

Holmes, D.L. (1997). Autism through the lifespan: The Eden model. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House. 

Johnson, K.R., & Layng, T.V.J. (1992). Breaking the structuralist barrier: Literacy and numeracy with fluency. American Psychologist, 47,1475-1490. (How much students can achieve when education rests on solid research.)

Kameenui, E.J., & Carnine, D.W. (1998). Effective teaching strategies that accommodate diverse learners. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Lindsley, O.R. (1992). Precision teaching: Discoveries and effects. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 51-57. 

Stein, M., Silbert, J., & Carnine, D. (1997). Designing effective mathematics instruction: A direct instruction approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.

Valsiner, J. (1987). Culture and the development of children's action. New York: John Wiley & Sons. (See #8.)

Walker, H.M., Colvin, G., & Ramsey, E. (1995. Antisocial behavior in school: Strategies and best practices. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical investigations. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

Assessment

Brandt, R. (1989). On misuse of testing: A conversation with George Madaus. Educational Leadership, 46(7), 26-30.

Brown, R. (1989). Testing and thoughtfulness. Educational Leadership, 46(7), 31-34.

Deno, S.L. (1987). Curriculum based measurement. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 20(1), 41-42.

Fuchs, L.S., Fuchs, D., & Maxwell, L. (1988). The validity of informal reading comprehension measures. Remedial and Special Education, 9(2), 20-28.

Jervis, K. (1989). Daryl takes a test. Educational Leadership, 46(7), 10-15.

Mercer, C.D., & Corbett, N.L. (1991). Enhancing assessment for students at risk for school failure. Contemporary Education, 62, 259-265.

Roeber, E., & Dutcher, P. (1989). Michigan's innovative assessment of reading. Educational Leadership, 46(7), 64-70.

Stiggins, R.J. (1985). Improving assessment where it means the most: In the classroom. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 69-74.

Teaching Math

Bley, N.S., & Thornton, C.A. (1989). Teaching mathematics to the learning disabled (2nd ed.). Austin,TX: Pro-Ed.

Carnine, D. (1991). Curricular interventions for teaching higher order thinking to all students: Introduction to the special series. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 261-269.

Hasselbring, T.S., Goin, L.I., & Bransford, J.D. (1987). Developing automaticity. Teaching Exceptional Children, 19(3), 30-33.

Howell, S.C., & Barnhart, R.S. (1992). Teaching word problem solving at the primary level. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 24(2), 44-46.

Hutching, B. (1975). Low-stress subtraction. The Arithmetic Teacher, 22, 226-232.

Mastropieri, M.A., Scruggs, T.E., & Shiah, S. (1991). Mathematics instruction for learning disabled students: A review of research. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 6, 89-98.

Mercer, C.D., & Miller, S.P. (1992). Teaching students with learning problems in math to acquire, understand, and apply basic math facts. Remedial and Special Education, 13(3), 19-35,61.

Peterson, P.L., Fenema, E., & Carpenter, T. (1988/1989). Using knowledge about how students think about mathematics. Educational Leadership, 46(4), 42-46.

Thornton, C.A., & Toohey, M.A. (1985). Basic math facts: Guidelines for teaching and learning. Learning Disabilities Focus, 1, 44-57.

Teaching Language

Mastropieri, M.A., Scruggs, T.E., & Fulk, B.J.M. (1990). Teaching abstract vocabulary with the keyword method: Effects on recall and comprehension. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 92-96, 107.

Wiig, E.H. (1982). Let's talk: Developing prosocial communication skills. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.

Teaching Reading

Altweger, B., Edelsky, C., & Flores, B.M. (1987). Whole language: What's new? The Reading Teacher, 41, 144-154.

Carbo, M. (1987). Matching reading styles: Correcting ineffective instruction. Educational Leadership, 45(2), 55-62.

Chall, J.S. (1987). Reading and early childhood education: The critical issues. Principal, 66(5). 6-9.

Idol, L. (1987). A critical thinking map to improve content area comprehension of poor readers. Remedial and Special Education, 8(4), 28-40.

Idol, L., & Croll, V.J. (1987). Story-mapping training as a means of improving reading comprehension. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 10, 214-229.

Mastropieri, M.A. (1990). Using the keyword method. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 20(2), 4-8.

Mastropieri, M.A., Scruggs, T.E., & Fulk, B.J.M. (1990). Teaching abstract vocabulary with the keyword method: Effects on recall and comprehension. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 92-96, 107.

O'Shea, L.J., & O'Shea, D.J. (1988). Using repeated reading. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 20(2), 26-29.

Palinscar, A.S., & Brown, A.L. (1988). Teaching and practicing thinking skills to promote comprehension in the context of group problems solving. Remedial and Special Education, 9(1), 53-59.

Torgensen, J.K. (1986). Using computers to help learning disabled children practice reading: A research-based perspective. Learning Disabilities Focus, 1, 72-81.

Teaching Spelling

Edginton, R. (1967). But he spelled them right this morning. Academic Quarterly Therapy, 3, 58-59.

Graham, S., & Voth, V.P. (1990). Spelling instruction: Making modifications for students with learning disabilities. Academic Therapy, 25, 447-457.

Lovitt, T.C., Guppy, T.E., & Blattner, J.E. (1969). The use of free-time contingency with fourth graders to increase spelling accuracy. Behavior Research Therapy, 7, 151-156.

Templeton, S. (1986). Synthesis of research on the learning and teaching of spelling. Educational Leadership, 43(6), 73-78.

Teaching handwriting and written expression

Barbe, W., Milone, M., & Wasylyk, T. (1983). Manuscript is the "write" start. Academic Therapy, 18, 397-406.

Christenson, S.L., Thurlow, M.L., Ysseldyke, J.E., & McVicar, R. (1989). Written langauge instruction for students with mild handicaps: Is there enough quantity to ensure quality? Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 12, 219-229.

Graham, S., & Harris, K.R. (1988). Instuctional recommendations for teaching writing to exceptional students. Exceptional Children, 54, 506-512.

Houck, C.K., & Billingsley, B.S. (1989). Written expression of students with and without learning disabilities: Differences across the grades. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 561-672.

Lazarus, B.D.(in press). Guided notes, review, and achievement: A summary of three studies. Education and Treatment of Children.

Lazarus, B.D. (in press). Guided notes for adolescents with mild handicaps. TEACHING Exceptional Children.

Lazarus, B. D. (1991). Guided notes, review, and achievement of secondary learning disabled students in mainstream content courses. Education and Treatment of Children. 14(2), 81-94.

Lazarus, B.D. (1988). Using guided notes to aid learning disabled students in secondary mainstream settings. The Pointer. 33(1), 32-36.

MacArthur, C.A. (1988). The impact of computers on the writing process. Exceptional Children, 54, 536-542.

MacArthur, C.A., & Graham, S. (1987). Learning disabled students' composing under three methods of text production: Handwriting, word processing, and dictation. Journal of Special Education, 21, 22-42.

MacArthur, C.A., Schwartz, S.S., & Graham, S. (1991). A model for writing instruction: Integrating word process and strategy instruction into a process approach to writing. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 6, 230-236.

Welch, M. (1992). The PLEASE strategy: A metacognitive learning strategy for improving the parpagraph writing of students with mild learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 15, 119-128.

Web site developed and maintained by Belinda Lazarus

Author. This site cannot be duplicated, used for profit, or excerpted without the written permission of the author . The author wishes to thank Realm Graphic's, Graphics Station and Eric's Animated Gifs for the great graphics and the authors of all of the hyperlinks that are included on this page.